Dra. Joana Faria

Uterine polyp

What are uterine polyps?

Polyps are fingerlike growths that attach to the wall of the uterus, either at the level on the endometrium (lining of the inside of the uterus) or the cervix. They can be as small as a sesame seed or as large as large as a golf ball. There may be just one or multiple polyps.

What is the cause?

The exact cause of endometrial polyps is not known but their growth is usually related to a higher level of estrogen in the body.

Most endometrial polyps are not cancerous, but a few can be precancerous or cancerous. The chance of cancer is higher if you are postmenopausal, on tamoxifen use, or have heavy or irregular periods.

Which are the symptoms?

Polyps can cause no symptoms at all but their most common presentation is by causing abnormal vaginal bleeding. Uterine polyp that develops near the fallopian tubes may obstruct the opening of the tubes, possibly leading to difficulty with becoming pregnant.

Most of the times, the suspicion of uterine polyps is made by pelvic ultrasound.

What is the treatment?

Once identified, polyps are removed surgically by hysteroscopy (check it out on the topic “hysteroscopy”). A general anesthetic is sometimes required for this procedure. Be aware that uterine polyps, once removed, can recur. It’s possible that you might need to undergo treatment more than once if you experience recurring uterine polyps. If the polyps are found to contain cancerous cells, hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) becomes necessary.

The final diagnosis of uterine polyp is made when polyp is removed and sent to the laboratory. The laboratory confirms the presence of polyp and what type of polyp it is.

When to see your doctor?

When you have irregular vaginal bleeding, bleeding between the menstrual periods, vaginal bleeding after menopause or if your routine pelvic ultrasound reveals endometrial thickening or polyp suspicion.

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